Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$categories is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$post2cat is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$link2cat is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 554

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 595

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 535

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 544

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 960

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 980

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 992

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 1003

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 151

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 175

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 164

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 186

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 138

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetExists($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 75

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetGet($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 89

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetSet($index, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 110

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetUnset($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 127

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 199

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$options is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 141

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$bot_detect is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 116

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Frontend::$app_url is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/frontend.php on line 20

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$frontend is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 117

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$settings is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 118

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 119

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome_api is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 120

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome_frontend is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 121

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/duplicator-pro/addons/probase/src/License/Notices.php on line 100

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 955

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 955

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 1528

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 2267

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3112

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3118

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3236

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 2949

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 2973

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 3014

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Settings::$revoke_opts is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/settings.php on line 58

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/so-widgets-bundle/base/inc/widgets/base-slider.class.php on line 608

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: DateTime::__construct(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($datetime) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/script-loader.php on line 333

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_version is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_file_path is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 40

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_dir_path is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 41

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_folder_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 42

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_basename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 43

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_base is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 44

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Block_Type::$skip_inner_blocks is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type.php on line 347

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Frontend::$preview_mode is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/frontend.php on line 32

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp.php on line 173

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198
Développement de l’offre de logement locatif intermédiaire par les investisseurs institutionnels – Politique du logement.com
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 149

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 149

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 151

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 151

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 165

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 165
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SiteOrigin_Panels::$container is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/siteorigin-panels/siteorigin-panels.php on line 541
class="post-template-default single single-post postid-8958 single-format-standard wide">

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Développement de l’offre de logement locatif intermédiaire par les investisseurs institutionnels


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Imprimer
Rapport de l’Inspection générale des finances et du Conseil général de l’environnement et du développement durable.

La première qualité de ce rapport est de réunir une documentation statistique éparse qui, bien que lacunaire, permet aux rapporteurs d’estimer le stock et la production de logements locatifs intermédiaires et de chiffrer les besoins. Défini (implicitement) comme le parc dont les loyers se situent entre les loyers de marché et les plafonds de loyer du PLS, le locatif intermédiaire n’est donc nécessaire que dans les périmètres où l’écart entre ces deux niveaux est significatif. C’est en Île-de-France, sur une grande partie de la côte méditerranéenne, dans le Genevois français, le Lyonnais et le Bordelais que les besoins sont les plus aigus. Dans ces zones, et à un degré moindre dans certaines autres agglomérations, l’accès à un logement locatif des ménages dont le revenu par unité de consommation se situe, grosso modo, dans le troisième quartile de la distribution exige un taux d’effort excessif. A partir de ce constat, tiré d’une étude ciblée sur l’Ile-de-France, les rapporteurs notent  que « ce cœur de cible se situe très largement en dessous des plafonds du PLS et toujours nettement en dessous des plafonds réglementaires du logement intermédiaire ». Elle n’en tire cependant pas de conséquence quant à la complémentarité entre le logement social (dont relève le PLS) et le locatif intermédiaire. Car si ces deux segments de l’offre s’adressent aux mêmes tranches de revenus, comment expliquer que la loi SRU considère les premiers font partie du parc social, mais pas les seconds ? Et pourquoi ne pas chercher, pour répondre à ces besoins, à augmenter la production de PLS ?
Si les rapporteurs ne répondent pas explicitement à cette question, la raison est évidente à la lecture de la suite du rapport, qui s’intéresse à la possibilité de faire financer la production de locatif intermédiaire par le marché et aux moyens d’y parvenir. Ils répondent ainsi à la demande de la lettre de mission d’élaborer « des propositions opérationnelles pour permettre une montée en puissance des investisseurs institutionnels sur le marché du logement locatif intermédiaire, avec une utilisation plus efficace des deniers de l’Etat et sans éviction de l’offre sociale ou privée ». L’essentiel du rapport est donc logiquement consacré à ces propositions.

Une demande très supérieure à l’offre actuelle

Avant de les aborder, revenons sur l’évaluation de l’offre et de la demande. L’offre est relativement facile à chiffrer, car elle émane pour l’essentiel d’opérateurs publics ou parapublics. La contribution du parc des bailleurs personnes physiques est mince : les effectifs des logements conventionnés par l’Anah, non chiffrée, est « très limitée » et les logements produits dans le cadre des dispositifs fiscaux Pinel ou antérieurs sont situés très majoritairement « dans les zones B1, B2 et C, là où les loyers de marché ne sont généralement pas éloignés des loyers sociaux » ; seuls 30% environ sont localisés dans les zones Abis et A. En outre, « le maintien de cette offre à des niveaux de loyers contraints n’est pas garanti au-delà des échéances contractualisées avec l’État, variables de 6 à 12 années ». En conséquence, les rapporteurs estiment que seuls 31 000 « répondent réellement à la demande de logements intermédiaires. L’essentiel de l’offre émane donc d’investisseurs institutionnels, dont le parc intermédiaire se décompose comme suit :
– 53 000 logements financés en prêts locatifs intermédiaires (PLI) appartenant à des organismes de logement social ;
– un peu plus de 55 000 logements agréés dans le cadre du dispositif fiscal mis en place en 2014 à l’intention des institutionnels, dont 32% pour chacun des deux opérateurs parapublics CDC habitat et In’li, 32% également pour les organismes de logement et 4% seulement pour les investisseurs institutionnels privés.
Cette production est « située très majoritairement dans des zones tendues où les besoins sont avérés ».
Au total, l’offre est donc estimée à 140 000 logements. C’est bien trop peu pour satisfaire une demande que les rapporteurs, en se fondant sur l’extrapolation à la France entière d’une étude conduite sur l’Ile-de-France, estime se situer dans une fourchette de 320 000 à 560 000 ménages.
Pour y faire face, en supposant que l’effort soit étalé sur 10 ans, « la production annuelle devra augmenter de 13 000 logements agréés en 2020 jusqu’à un niveau compris entre 18 000 à 42 000 ».

Comment faciliter le retour des institutionnels

De leurs entretiens avec des représentants d’investisseurs institutionnels, les rapporteurs concluent que ces derniers « manifestent un regain d’intérêt pour l’immobilier résidentiel en général et le logement intermédiaire en particulier ». Ce jugement confirme l’analyse développée dans un article publié récemment sur ce site[1]. Toutefois, le niveau des investissements dans le secteur, bien qu’en hausse, reste pour l’heure bien inférieur à ce qui serait nécessaire pour faire face aux besoins : environ 750 millions d’euros par ans, en moyenne de 2016 à 2019, alors que le montant estimé pour répondre à la demande dans un délai de dix ans est de 2 à 4,5 milliards d’euros par an.
L’augmentation souhaitée dépend de deux conditions : la capacité d’utiliser le foncier disponible et l’accès à des ressources financières suffisantes.
La mobilisation du foncier relève en grande partie de l’attitude des collectivités locales. Elle se heurte à plusieurs obstacles : l’incitation de l’Etat à la sobriété foncière, objectif partagé selon le rapport par un nombre croissant de collectivités ; l’exonération de taxe foncière, imposée par l’Etat mais non compensée par lui[2] ; la concurrence du logement locatif social ; l’insuffisance (car récente) prise en compte des besoins dans les PLH et autres documents d’urbanisme ; l’impact du prix du foncier, qui pèse sur l’équilibre financier des opérations.
Le rapport en conclut que « la levée des réticences des communes apparaît comme la première priorité. La substitution de l’exonération de taxe foncière sur les propriétés bâties (TFPB) dont bénéficie aujourd’hui le logement intermédiaire institutionnel par un crédit d’impôt semble devoir être privilégiée ».
Il convient en outre de « favoriser l’allocation des ressources vers le logement intermédiaire par l’entrée de nouveaux acteurs institutionnels et la mobilisation de l’épargne des ménages en s’appuyant sur le cadre applicable aux fonds d’investissement ». Nous ne détaillerons pas ce point, à propos duquel les rapporteurs formulent des propositions précises. Retenons simplement qu’ils estiment que le « changement de stratégie de la part des investisseurs institutionnels n’est pas conditionné à une intervention massive de l’État », à qui il « appartient en revanche de faciliter la fluidité du marché et la diversité de l’offre » .
Les préconisations du rapport ne pourront toutefois produire leur plein effet que dans l’hypothèse d’une prolongation de la conjoncture financière, aujourd’hui favorable à l’investissement dans l’immobilier résidentiel, car le retour massif des investisseurs institutionnels privés suppose un maintien durable de taux d’intérêt bas. Cette condition induit une forte incertitude, d’autant que certains analystes anticipent une hausse des taux à un horizon de 12 à 24 mois.

Jean Bosvieux
Juillet 2021

 

[1] Irène Fossé, « Le point de vue des investisseurs institutionnels sur les marchés du logement européens. »

[2] Cf . l’article de Benoist Apparu, « Actualité du logement locatif intermédiaire ».

Jean Bosvieux

Jean Bosvieux, statisticien-économiste de formation, a été de 1997 à 2014 directeur des études à l’Agence nationale pour l’information sur l’habitat (ANIL), puis de 2015 à 2019 directeur des études économiques à la FNAIM. Ses différentes fonctions l’ont amené à s’intéresser à des questions très diverses ayant trait à l’économie du logement, notamment au fonctionnement des marchés du logement et à l’impact des politiques publiques. Il a publié en 2016 "Logement : sortir de la jungle fiscale" chez Economica.


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