Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$categories is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$post2cat is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$link2cat is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 554

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 595

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 535

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 544

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 960

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 980

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 992

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 1003

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 151

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 175

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 164

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 186

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 138

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetExists($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 75

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetGet($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 89

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetSet($index, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 110

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetUnset($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 127

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 199

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$options is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 141

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$bot_detect is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 116

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Frontend::$app_url is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/frontend.php on line 20

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$frontend is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 117

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$settings is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 118

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 119

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome_api is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 120

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome_frontend is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 121

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/duplicator-pro/addons/probase/src/License/Notices.php on line 100

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 955

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 955

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 1528

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 2267

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3112

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3118

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3236

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 2949

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 2973

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 3014

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Settings::$revoke_opts is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/settings.php on line 58

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/so-widgets-bundle/base/inc/widgets/base-slider.class.php on line 608

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: DateTime::__construct(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($datetime) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/script-loader.php on line 333

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_version is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_file_path is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 40

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_dir_path is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 41

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_folder_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 42

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_basename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 43

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_base is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 44

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Block_Type::$skip_inner_blocks is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type.php on line 347

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Frontend::$preview_mode is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/frontend.php on line 32

Deprecated: Use of "parent" in callables is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/duplicator-pro/addons/probase/src/License/DuplicatorEddPluginUpdater.php on line 32

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp.php on line 173

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$object_id is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-term.php on line 198
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Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 149

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 149

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 151

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 151

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 165

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-dashboard-for-wp/includes/frontend/tracking/class-tracking-gtag.php on line 165
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SiteOrigin_Panels::$container is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/siteorigin-panels/siteorigin-panels.php on line 541
class="post-template-default single single-post postid-8287 single-format-standard wide">

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_parent is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 383

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_ID is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 378

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_count is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 379

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_description is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 380

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$cat_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 381

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Term::$category_nicename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/category.php on line 382

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La vie plus belle ? Retour sur 20 ans de rénovation urbaine, de Nicolas Binet et Yves Laffoucrière


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« La vie plus belle ? Retour sur 20 ans de rénovation urbaine » de Nicolas Binet et Yves Laffoucrière. Bibliothèque des territoires, Série les rencontres Palladiennes,  Editions de l’Aube, 2020

« Croiser les regards pour provoquer la réflexion » telle est l’ambition de l’institut Palladio, coéditeur de cet ouvrage. Le regard en l’occurrence se porte sur 30 ans de la politique de la ville, période marquée par le choc décisif de la création de l’ANRU. Les deux protagonistes mobilisés pour construire le récit de cette aventure, Nicolas Binet et Yves Laffoucrière, ont été des acteurs engagés d’une rupture voulue et conçue au plan national par Jean-Louis Borloo mais mise en œuvre au plan local. Articulé autour de quatre chapitres intitulés : « Le décrochage des grands ensembles », « L’impulsion de l’ANRU », « Mission accomplie », « Et les quartiers anciens ? », l’ouvrage donne, sur ces quatre thématiques, la parole à chacun de nos deux experts. Tous deux partagent la conviction que la création de l’ANRU fut bien une rupture. Il y a bien un avant et un après : toute la question reste de savoir en quoi consiste cet après, en quoi il diffère de l’avant. Il ressort de leurs expériences que si cette politique a eu des effets positifs, la mission qu’elle s’assigne est encore loin d’être accomplie.
Le lecteur lira d’abord avec grand intérêt l’analyse d’Yves Laffoucrière des raisons qui ont conduit à une situation critique dans les quartiers avant la création de l’ANRU. En quelques pages, il dresse un état des lieux de la profondeur de la crise, marquée notamment par la gangrène des trafics et le visage de l’impuissance publique, mais aussi un portrait des insuffisances des politiques antérieures : « les actions se distinguaient par leur caractère technique (…) sans jamais mettre en débat la question de fond l’équation de l’offre à la demande, qui ne pouvait pourtant plus être la même que 30 ans auparavant » (page26). On comprend, dès lors, que l’on puisse parler, s’agissant de la politique de rénovation urbaine lancée en 2004, de big-bang salutaire (Page28). Nicolas Binet, à la lumière de son expérience marseillaise, porte un jugement tout aussi négatif sur les politiques menées avant ce big-bang et le résume en une phrase : « le bilan opérationnel n’a pas été à la hauteur des ambitions » (page 43).
L’intérêt de l’ouvrage réside aussi dans la mise en évidence que la rénovation urbaine, malgré ses qualités ne sera jamais un long fleuve tranquille. La diversité des situations, l’ampleur des problèmes exigent de faire du cousu main (page 48, YL). Les deux experts soulignent bien qu’il a fallu apprendre en marchant, que cette politique n’est pas exempte de critiques et de limites. Mais la rénovation urbaine a un atout crucial : elle s’est durablement installée dans le paysage et en ce sens « il y a bien un avant et un après 2004 » (page 57, YL). Nicolas Binet souligne quant à lui, toujours à travers l’exemple de Marseille, l’importance mais aussi les limites de la dimension humaine de ces projets.   « L’ambition des projets, c’est de parvenir à redonner aux habitants une capacité de choix » (page 64). Répondre à ces exigences reste difficile et demande du temps. On lira également avec attention les arguments en faveur de la démolition, traitée page 73 et suivantes, éléments d’autant plus importants que le sujet reste controversé.
Nécessairement, pour nos deux experts, l’appréciation des résultats ne peut qu’être nuancée, mais rien ne serait plus dangereux et délétère que de se cantonner à l’exposé des limites des actions menées. C’est le mérite de la troisième partie de l’ouvrage que de mettre en évidence la complexité à la fois des problèmes traités et des réponses mises en œuvre. Le bilan se doit donc lui aussi d’être nuancé. On notera à ce sujet avec intérêt l’appréciation suivante, sous la plume d’Y. Laffoucrière : « les insuffisances présumées du renouvellement urbain, bien souvent, ne sont pas en réalité les siennes : elles relèvent de ce que nous avons laissé croire que cette politique de renouvellement urbain allait tout changer, lui faisant endosser une responsabilité bien supérieure à ce que pouvait ou devait être ses missions. Les acteurs du renouvellement urbain n’ont pas été des magiciens capables, d’un coup d’un seul, de transformer les territoires abîmés en contrées souriantes et florissantes. Mais qui pouvait sérieusement le leur demander hier, et leur reprocher aujourd’hui ? »  (pages 94 et 95).  De même, comment ne pas reconnaître l’intérêt mais aussi les limites d’une action centrée sur le seul bâti lorsque, comme le note Nicolas Binet : « L’utilisation ad nauseam de l’expression « zone de non-droit » illustre bien le malentendu : ce terme est profondément inapproprié pour qualifier des lieux où, tout au contraire, s’est érigée une autre forme de contrôle social qui s’emploie à construire et à faire respecter les règles nécessaires au développement de trafics délictueux. Les réseaux de trafiquants n’aiment ni le désordre ni le tapage, et encore moins l’effervescence d’initiatives, en actes et en paroles, qui pourraient les déstabiliser. La seule certitude, c’est que la boîte à outils du « rénovateur urbain » et de tous les acteurs susceptibles d’être conviés au jeu s’avère assez désuète dans ces situations, avec un déphasage certain entre le discours républicain et la réalité des situations ainsi que la capacité des institutions à les gérer » (page 104 et 105).

Au total, l’ouvrage montre les bienfaits d’une réforme fondée sur un constat lucide et souligne comment la rénovation urbaine a indéniablement contribué à modifier et redessiner le visage de nos quartiers, tout en reconnaissant que dans la plupart des cas les problèmes restent posés voir même s’accroissent. En résumé, la lutte continue et doit continuer et vraisemblablement s’étendre à d’autres situations comme celles que l’on rencontre dans nombre de quartiers anciens.

Bernard Coloos
Mars 2021

 

 

Bernard Coloos

Bernard Coloos est aujourd’hui consultant. Il a été de 1996 à 2020 directeur puis délégué général adjoint aux Affaires économiques, financières et internationales de la Fédération Française du Bâtiment,. Il a été chargé du Bureau des études économiques à la Direction de l’habitat et de la construction de 1990 à 1994 et directeur de l’Observatoire immobilier et foncier du Crédit foncier de France. Titulaire d’une maîtrise de droit privé et d’un doctorat de 3e cycle en sciences économiques, il a été également professeur associé au master Aménagement et urbanisme à l’IEP Paris. Il a publié divers ouvrages traitant du logement.


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