Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$categories is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$post2cat is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property wpdb::$link2cat is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 668

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 554

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 595

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 535

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Theme::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-theme.php on line 544

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/comment-template.php on line 1745

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 960

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 980

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 992

Deprecated: Return type of WP_REST_Request::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-request.php on line 1003

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 151

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 175

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 164

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 186

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 138

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetExists($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 75

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetGet($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 89

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetSet($index, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 110

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::offsetUnset($index) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 127

Deprecated: Return type of WP_Block_List::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-list.php on line 199

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$options is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 141

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$bot_detect is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 116

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Frontend::$app_url is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/frontend.php on line 20

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$frontend is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 117

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$settings is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 118

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 119

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome_api is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 120

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice::$welcome_frontend is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/cookie-notice.php on line 121

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/duplicator-pro/addons/probase/src/License/Notices.php on line 100

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 955

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 955

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 1528

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 2267

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3112

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3118

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/updraftplus/class-updraftplus.php on line 3236

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 2949

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 2973

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/wp-super-cache/wp-cache-phase2.php on line 3014

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Settings::$revoke_opts is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/settings.php on line 58

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: Using ${var} in strings is deprecated, use {$var} instead in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/so-widgets-bundle/base/inc/widgets/base-slider.class.php on line 608

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: DateTime::__construct(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($datetime) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/script-loader.php on line 333

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_version is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_file_path is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 40

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_dir_path is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 41

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_folder_name is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 42

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_basename is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 43

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Advanced_Excerpt::$plugin_base is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/advanced-excerpt/class/advanced-excerpt.php on line 44

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property WP_Block_Type::$skip_inner_blocks is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp-block-type.php on line 347

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Cookie_Notice_Frontend::$preview_mode is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-content/plugins/cookie-notice/includes/frontend.php on line 32

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$is_overloaded is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 26

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_pos is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property POMO_FileReader::$_f is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/streams.php on line 160

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property MO::$_gettext_select_plural_form is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/pomo/translations.php on line 293

Deprecated: trim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/class-wp.php on line 173

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Deprecated: ltrim(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php on line 3030

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/wp-db.php:668) in /home/webpmefrjv/logement/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1673
{"id":12428,"date":"2023-03-01T14:37:44","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T13:37:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/?p=12428"},"modified":"2023-03-01T14:39:20","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T13:39:20","slug":"quel-est-le-cout-reel-de-la-dette-hlm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/2023\/03\/quel-est-le-cout-reel-de-la-dette-hlm\/","title":{"rendered":"Quel est le co\u00fbt \u00ab r\u00e9el \u00bb de la dette Hlm ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le taux du livret vient de connaitre une hausse exceptionnelle \u00e0 la fois par son ampleur et sa rapidit\u00e9. Stabilis\u00e9 \u00e0 0,5%, son niveau plancher[1]<\/a>, entre f\u00e9vrier 2020 et fin janvier 2022, il est pass\u00e9 \u00e0 1% au 1er<\/sup> f\u00e9vrier 2022 puis \u00e0 2% au 1er<\/sup> aout 2022 et encore 3% au 1er<\/sup> f\u00e9vrier 2023. Soit une hausse de 2,5 points. Un tel sc\u00e9nario ne s\u2019\u00e9tait pas produit dans l\u2019histoire pourtant longue du livret A sauf en 1974-1975. Encore faut-il pr\u00e9ciser qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque les organismes empruntaient plut\u00f4t \u00e0 taux fixe\u2026 et que le mouvement actuel n\u2019est vraisemblablement pas achev\u00e9\u00a0!
\n
\nFigure 1. Historique du taux du Livret A<\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Quand on sait que les organismes de logement social sont endett\u00e9s \u00e0 hauteur de 150 Mds\u20ac[2]<\/a> environ sur index livret A[3]<\/a>, on comprendra qu\u2019on revienne sur le sujet d\u00e9j\u00e0 abord\u00e9 dans notre article sur \u00ab Le retour de l\u2019inflation\u00a0: un risque pour le secteur Hlm\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Une hausse de 2,5 points sur 150Mds\u20ac c\u2019est en effet un enjeu en ann\u00e9e pleine de 3,75 Mds, soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent approximativement de 15% des loyers Hlm annuels.
\nLes contrats de pr\u00eat distribu\u00e9s par la Caisse des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts et Consignations (CDC) pr\u00e9voient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des clauses de lissage des annuit\u00e9s
[4]<\/a> en cas de hausse brutale des taux, ce qui permettra d\u2019\u00e9taler le choc. Mais les r\u00e9sultats d\u2019exploitation des organismes resteront malgr\u00e9 tout tr\u00e8s lourdement impact\u00e9s, et le report du co\u00fbt en tr\u00e9sorerie se fera au prix d\u2019un endettement suppl\u00e9mentaire.
\nCe niveau du taux du livret A m\u00e9rite d\u2019\u00eatre appr\u00e9hend\u00e9 sur 4 plans d\u2019analyse.<\/p>\n

Le taux facial<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Fixer le taux du livret A pour satisfaire l\u2019ensemble des acteurs concern\u00e9s directement et indirectement, \u00e0 savoir les \u00e9pargnants, les banques collectrices, les fonds d\u2019\u00e9pargne et les acteurs financ\u00e9s sur ressources livret A, avec au premier chef les organismes de logement social\u2026 tient apparemment de la gageure puisqu\u2019il s\u2019agit qu\u2019il soit suffisamment \u00e9lev\u00e9 pour r\u00e9mun\u00e9rer l\u2019\u00e9pargne des m\u00e9nages et consolider ainsi les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts[5]<\/a>, et suffisamment bas pour que la ressource permette de financer au mieux le logement social (fonds centralis\u00e9s) ou les PME (fonds conserv\u00e9s par les banques).
\nSachant que le ministre des Finances peut toujours y d\u00e9roger, trois formules de calcul se sont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer le taux du livret A\u00a0; elles comprenaient toutes les trois\u00a0:
\n– une formule correspondant \u00e0 une moyenne de l\u2019inflation et des taux de march\u00e9 dont les ingr\u00e9dients ont \u00e9t\u00e9 modifi\u00e9s. En p\u00e9riode \u00e9conomique \u00ab\u00a0normale\u00a0\u00bb, les taux de march\u00e9 sont sup\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 l\u2019inflation, la formule positionne alors le taux du livret A au-dessus de l\u2019inflation et en dessous des taux de march\u00e9, ce qui tend ainsi \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 l\u2019objectif fix\u00e9\u00a0;
\n– une clause de garantie pour r\u00e9pondre aux situations de march\u00e9 \u00ab anormales \u00bb et prot\u00e9ger l\u2019\u00e9pargne des m\u00e9nages.
\nLes ann\u00e9es 2008\/2023, du fait des crises \u00e9conomiques ou financi\u00e8res successives (subprimes, dette europ\u00e9enne, covid\u2026) ont v\u00e9cu en r\u00e9gime \u00ab\u00a0d\u2019anormalit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re\u00a0\u00bb quasi-continue et forte. C\u2019est donc la clause de garantie qui a donn\u00e9 le plus souvent le tempo du taux, et qui a cristallis\u00e9 les d\u00e9bats. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 remani\u00e9e plusieurs fois pour en diminuer l\u2019impact
[6]<\/a>.
\nLa remont\u00e9e de l\u2019inflation, puis des taux de march\u00e9, r\u00e9active maintenant la formule.
\n
\nFigure 2<\/em>
\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Au 1er<\/sup> f\u00e9vrier 2023, la formule permettant de calculer la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du taux du livret A est la moyenne
\n– de la valeur moyenne sur le semestre \u00e9coul\u00e9 de l\u2019\u20acster
[7]<\/a>, qui s\u2019est \u00e9tablie \u00e0 0,56%
\n– et de l\u2019\u00e9volution des prix \u00e0 la consommation sur le semestre \u00e9coul\u00e9, qui s\u2019est \u00e9tablie \u00e0 6,08%.
\nCette formule conduisait donc \u00e0 un taux de 3,3%. Le ministre des Finances, sur la recommandation du gouverneur de la Banque de France, a retenu de le fixer \u00e0 3% pour \u00e9viter une hausse trop importante et att\u00e9nuer l\u2019impact pour les pr\u00eats index\u00e9s sur livret A.
\nSi l\u2019on se projette en ao\u00fbt 2023, il est vraisemblable que le rythme de l\u2019inflation s\u2019infl\u00e9chisse mais que le taux \u20acster poursuive sa progression compte tenu de la politique mon\u00e9taire men\u00e9e par la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne. Il n\u2019est pas \u00e0 exclure que la formule conduise \u00e0 un taux de 3,5%, voire plus. La stabilisation de l\u2019inflation et des taux vis\u00e9e et anticip\u00e9e par la BCE la ram\u00e8nerait ensuite progressivement vers un peu plus de 2%.<\/p>\n

Le taux r\u00e9el pour l\u2019\u00e9pargnant <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Il est d\u2019usage de comparer le taux du livret A \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution de l\u2019indice des prix \u00e0 la consommation pour caract\u00e9riser son rendement effectif. On compare ainsi le rythme d\u2019\u00e9volution de la fraction des revenus \u00e9pargn\u00e9s avec celui des biens qu\u2019ils ont l\u2019habitude de couvrir. On v\u00e9rifie de ce fait si le pouvoir d\u2019achat associ\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9pargne a \u00e9t\u00e9 ou non pr\u00e9serv\u00e9.
\nSi l\u2019on effectue ce calcul \u00ab\u00a0taux du livret A moins inflation\u00a0\u00bb depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960, on rel\u00e8ve qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 pratiquement toujours n\u00e9gatif (au d\u00e9triment donc de l\u2019\u00e9pargne) jusqu\u2019au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 80 et parfois de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s significative, et pratiquement toujours positif depuis, sauf dans la p\u00e9riode toute r\u00e9cente.<\/p>\n

Figure 3. Positionnement du taux du livret A par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019inflation<\/em>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Le taux r\u00e9el pour les acteurs Hlm<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ce qui importe pour l\u2019emprunteur, c\u2019est plut\u00f4t de comparer le co\u00fbt annuel de sa dette avec l\u2019\u00e9volution de ses propres ressources. Pour les organismes Hlm, l\u2019orientation de l\u2019\u00e9volution des ressources est donn\u00e9e par celle des loyers.
\nCertains analystes consid\u00e8rent que l\u2019indice de r\u00e9vision des loyers (IRL) reproduisant peu ou prou l\u2019\u00e9volution des prix \u00e0 la consommation, on se ram\u00e8ne au cas pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. C\u2019est une approche un peu rapide m\u00eame au niveau macro\u00e9conomique
[8]<\/a>. En effet, historiquement, l\u2019\u00e9volution des loyers n\u2019a pas toujours \u00e9t\u00e9 sous le r\u00e9gime des prix \u00e0 la consommation mais aussi sous celui des co\u00fbts de construction. En outre, des dispositifs de limitation de l\u2019\u00e9volution des loyers, voire de gel, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 impos\u00e9s aux organismes Hlm. Ce qui impose de retenir une \u00e9volution effective des r\u00e9f\u00e9rences d\u2019\u00e9volution des loyers Hlm pour calculer un taux r\u00e9el sp\u00e9cifique au secteur (voir figure 4).<\/p>\n

Le taux support\u00e9 et le taux planifi\u00e9 <\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ce qui importe enfin pour l\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique du secteur Hlm ce n\u2019est pas seulement la valeur en tant que telle de ce taux r\u00e9el sp\u00e9cifique, que sa comparaison avec les hypoth\u00e8ses de taux r\u00e9els qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retenues dans les \u00e9quilibres d\u2019op\u00e9ration au lancement du projet. Un taux r\u00e9el constat\u00e9 de 1% n\u2019a pas la m\u00eame port\u00e9e si l\u2019on avait escompt\u00e9 qu\u2019il serait de 2% ou de 0,5%.
\nLes loyers de chaque op\u00e9ration nouvelle de logement social v\u00e9rifient
[9]<\/a> une \u00e9quation \u00e9conomique o\u00f9 la somme des loyers sur 40 ans est \u00e9gale \u00e0 la somme des d\u00e9penses (exploitation et charge de la dette). Pour estimer ces valeurs futures on retient des hypoth\u00e8ses d\u2019\u00e9volution des co\u00fbts, de l\u2019inflation, des loyers, et du taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat. Ces r\u00e9f\u00e9rences sont propos\u00e9es par les \u00e9conomistes de la CDC et sont diffus\u00e9es par voie de circulaire par l\u2019administration[10]<\/a>.
\nChaque version de la circulaire, r\u00e9actualis\u00e9e quand les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e9conomiques sont modifi\u00e9es par la CDC, propose donc une valeur pour le taux r\u00e9el qui s\u2019applique pour la dur\u00e9e de l\u2019op\u00e9ration.
\nLes lignes horizontales de la figure 4 rappellent la chronique de ces taux de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Par exemple, en septembre 2000, le taux r\u00e9el projet\u00e9 \u00e9tait de 1,4%, pour septembre 2022 c\u2019est -0,2%.
\nOn pourra constater que les taux qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 projet\u00e9s dans les \u00e9quilibres d\u2019op\u00e9ration sont globalement orient\u00e9s \u00e0 la baisse, les \u00e9conomistes de la CDC ent\u00e9rinant peu \u00e0 peu une politique accommodante de la BCE se perp\u00e9tuant dans le temps.
\n
\nFigure 4. \u00ab\u00a0Taux R\u00e9el\u00a0effectif* \u00bb ligne violette et Taux r\u00e9els projet\u00e9s** (LOLA) lignes horizontales <\/em>
\"\"<\/a>
\n*taux du livret A – hausses de loyers\u00a0; ** taux du livret A – inflation<\/em><\/p>\n

La ligne en violet repr\u00e9sente le taux r\u00e9el effectif calcul\u00e9 ex post<\/em> (taux livret A \u2013 r\u00e9f\u00e9rence r\u00e9elle pour l\u2019\u00e9volution des loyers de l\u2019ann\u00e9e). Elle fluctue au gr\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9elle et des d\u00e9cisions r\u00e9glementaires (par exemple le gel des loyers en 2000\/2001 et 2018 ou l\u2019instauration de la R\u00e9duction de loyer de solidarit\u00e9 -RLS[11]<\/a> – en 2018 et augment\u00e9e en 2019 et 2020 ).
\nLa moyenne constat\u00e9e de ce taux r\u00e9el effectif sur 1999-2023 s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 0,76%.
\nLes lignes horizontales sur le graphique joint indiquent la r\u00e9f\u00e9rence retenue pour les \u00e9quilibres d\u2019op\u00e9ration dans les circulaires successives.
\nOn peut constater deux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes majeurs\u00a0:
\n– Les op\u00e9rations lanc\u00e9es dans les ann\u00e9es 2000 ont pour le moment connu un taux r\u00e9el effectif plus bas que celui qui \u00e9tait escompt\u00e9, ce qui am\u00e9liore les conditions d\u2019\u00e9quilibre de ces op\u00e9rations.
\n– La chronique historique, m\u00eame si le pass\u00e9 ne pr\u00e9sage jamais de l\u2019avenir, laisse entrevoir que le taux r\u00e9el retenu en 2022 est vraisemblablement trop bas. Surtout compte tenu des \u00e9volutions \u00e9conomiques actuelles. Ce qui a contrario<\/em> d\u00e9t\u00e9riorera la tenue des \u00e9quilibres \u00e9conomiques escompt\u00e9s.
\nLa r\u00e9vision \u00e0 venir de la circulaire devrait rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 cette situation porteuse de risque syst\u00e9mique si elle se perp\u00e9tuait.
\nUn r\u00e9sultat meilleur qu\u2019attendu n\u2019est jamais probl\u00e9matique pour la politique du logement social puisque les exc\u00e9dents des organismes Hlm sont r\u00e9investis\u00a0; un r\u00e9sultat qui n\u2019est pas au rendez-vous est plus probl\u00e9matique et n\u00e9cessite une intervention financi\u00e8re compl\u00e9mentaire des partenaires ou une adaptation \u00e0 la baisse de leurs d\u00e9penses de gestion et de leur strat\u00e9gie d\u2019investissement.<\/p>\n


\n

[1]<\/a> Depuis le changement de formule d\u00e9cid\u00e9 en juin 2018 et appliqu\u00e9 \u00e0 compter du 1er<\/sup> f\u00e9vrier 2020.<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> Les organismes Hlm portent des investissements importants, 15 Mds\u20ac en 2021, \u00a0\u00a0en utilisant fortement l\u2019effet de levier de la dette. L\u2019emprunt couvre en moyenne de l\u2019ordre de 65% des investissements\u00a0. Au gr\u00e9 du temps une dette importante s\u2019est constitu\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> Une – petite – partie a pu \u00eatre couverte par des instruments financiers.<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> Application d\u00e9cal\u00e9e du nouveau taux et m\u00e9canisme de double r\u00e9visabilit\u00e9 qui stabilise le niveau de l\u2019annuit\u00e9 en repoussant le remboursement d\u2019une partie du capital d\u00fb.<\/p>\n

[5]<\/a> L\u2019\u00e9pargne r\u00e9glement\u00e9e b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie d\u2019autres atouts que le taux de r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts\u00a0: liquidit\u00e9, d\u00e9fiscalisation des revenus en int\u00e9r\u00eats, garantie des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts \u2026 qui s\u2019av\u00e8rent souvent d\u00e9terminants dans le choix des supports d\u2019\u00e9pargne des m\u00e9nages surtout en comparaison d\u2019autres placements<\/p>\n

[6]<\/a> Si le taux du livret d\u2019\u00e9pargne populaire doit encore augmenter au moins comme l\u2019inflation, pour le taux du livret A \u00a0la garantie est d\u00e9sormais un taux plancher de 0,5%.<\/p>\n

[7]<\/a> L\u2019\u20acster (euro short-term rate), publi\u00e9 chaque jour par la banque Centrale europ\u00e9enne, est une mesure du taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat interbancaire pour la zone euro avec une \u00e9ch\u00e9ance de 1 jour.<\/p>\n

[8]<\/a> Organisme par organisme intervient aussi le choix d\u2019appliquer ou non toute la marge de man\u0153uvre \u00e0 la hausse donn\u00e9e par la l\u00e9gislation.<\/p>\n

[9]<\/a> En toute logique, dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, des op\u00e9rations sont \u00ab\u00a0sous \u00e9quilibr\u00e9es\u00a0\u00bb compte tenu des contraintes\u00a0: couts de production en hausse et subventions insuffisantes.<\/p>\n

[10]<\/a> Selon l\u2019instruction et le logiciel LOLA (Loyer d\u2019\u00e9quilibre des Op\u00e9rations Locatives Aid\u00e9es).<\/p>\n

[11]<\/a> La RLS est une baisse de loyer accord\u00e9e \u00e0 des m\u00e9nages sous conditions de ressources, elle s\u2019accompagne d\u2019une baisse de leur aide personnalis\u00e9e au logement (APL). Pour les m\u00e9nages concern\u00e9s le r\u00e9sultat est quasiment nul\u00a0; pour les organismes ceci entraine une baisse des loyers qu\u2019un m\u00e9canisme de lissage ram\u00e8ne \u00e0 une baisse de l\u2019ordre de 4,5% de tous les loyers. Elle atteignait un peu moins de 900 M\u20ac en 2018<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dominique Hoorens expose, \u00e0 l’aide d’une analyse r\u00e9trospective, les \u00e9volutions du co\u00fbt de la dette des bailleurs sociaux au moment o\u00f9 le taux du Livret A connait une hausse sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent depuis le milieu des ann\u00e9es 1970 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":60,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[21],"tags":[15,16,106],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12428"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/60"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12428"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12428\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12435,"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12428\/revisions\/12435"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/logement.web-pme.fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}